Just like you can definitely feel and see the difference between a 120 Hz monitor and a 360 Hz monitor, you can also do it to polling rates. There are a lot of variables though, as for instance what sensitivity you run, DPI, FPS, and how much you move your mouse etc. Some are comfortable with a 2 inch 360 distance, others prefer 50 inches. This makes a huge impact on how fast you move your mouse.
Back in the days of 125 Hz we had no comparison, monitors were usually 60 Hz and games rarely ran over 60 FPS (I'm exaggerating here, but you get my point).
No one missed 4k when 1080p came, and no one though their Corvette was slow before Tesla came along. For the most part we don't know what we're missing until something better shows up